Mediterranean European Bean Dishes

  • (OWK) Luard: The Old World Kitchen: The Rich Tradition of European Peasant Cooking
  • (CBSS) Bernard Clayton: The Complete Book of Soups and Stews

France

  • (FPC) David: French Provincial Cooking
  • (FRC) Willan: French Regional Cooking
  • Salade de flageolets (OWK)
  • Légumes en salade (FPC)
  • Salade de pois chiches (chickpeas) (FPC, 🔗1)
  • La soupe aux pois chiches (chickpeas) (FPC, 🔗1)
  • Potage aux haricots blancs et à l’oseille (white beans, sorrel) (FPC, 🔗1)
  • Potage de lentilles à l’oseille (lentils, sorrel) (FPC, 🔗1)
  • Fèves au beurre (young fava) (FPC, 🔗1)
  • Fèves à la crème (fresh fava) (🔗1)
  • Purée de fèves (young fava) (FPC, 🔗1)
  • Haricots à la crème (white beans, cream) (FPC, 🔗1)
  • Haricots blancs maître d’hôtel (white beans, parsley butter) (FPC, 🔗1)
  • Lentilles maître d’hôtel (lentils, parsley butter) (FPC, 🔗1)
  • Lentilles au petit salé (lentils, salt pork) (🔗1)
  • Haricots au vin rouge (white beans, red wine) (FPC, 🔗1)

Alsace-Lorraine

  • Potée Lorraine (white beans, fresh/split peas, pork, vegetables) (FRC, 🔗1)

Auvergne

  • Salade de Lentilles Vertes du Puy (🔗1 🔗2)

Brittany

  • Haricots à la bretonne (white beans, onion, tomato) (FPC, FRC, 🔗1)
  • Gratin de thon aux haricots secs (white beans, tuna) (FRC, 🔗1)

Burgundy

  • Haricots au vin (kidney beans, wine) (Willan: The Cooking of Burgundy and the Lyonnais, 🔗1)

Loire

  • Fèves à la tourangelle (fresh fava, ham) (FRC, 🔗1)

Normandy

  • Soupe normande (potato, cabbage, white beans) (FRC, 🔗1)

Occitanie

  • (SDF) Conran: Sud de France: the food and cooking of Languedoc
  • Cassoulet de Castelnaudary (OWK)
  • Cassoulet de Toulouse (white beans, meat) (FRC, SDF)
  • Pois chiches à l’occitane (FRC)
  • Soupe de pois chiches et épinards (SDF)
  • Haricots secs en salade (white beans, tomato, egg) (FRC)
  • Cousinat à la bayonnaise (fresh fava, ham, vegetables) (FRC)
  • Soupe aux pois chiches (chickpea soup) (FRC)
  • Pois chiches au gras (chickpeas, sausage, salt pork) (FRC)
  • Haricots a vanchot’ade (white/lima beans, anchovies) (SDF)
  • Salade de la province de bages (salt cod, white or cranberry beans, olives) (SDF)
  • Fèves au lardon (fava, bacon) (SDF)
  • Mongetes catalan (large white beans/soissons, tomato) (SDF)
  • L’ollada/ouillade (white beans or chickpeas, winter vegetables, black pudding) (SDF)
  • Garbure (white beans, meat, vegetables, chestnuts, bread) (CBSS)

Provence

  • (TCS) Johnston: The Cuisine of the Sun: Classical French Cooking from Nice and Provence
  • Socca (OWK)
  • Soupe au pistou (FRC, TCS)
  • Bean salad (chickpeas/lentils/white beans) (TCS)
  • Févettes à l’ail (baby lima) (TCS)
  • Févettes à la verdure (baby lima, lettuce) (TCS)
  • Salade blanche (white beans/lentils/chickpeas) (TCS)
  • Daube d’Avignon (lamb, white beans) (TCS)
  • Salade niçoise (fresh baby lima) (TCS)
  • Agneau à la niçoise (fresh baby lima, lamb, vegetables) (TCS)
  • Soupe de lentilles (TCS)
  • Panisses (chickpea flour) (TCS)
  • Socca (chickpea flour) (TCS)
  • Fournade (chickpea flour soup) (TCS)
  • Pois chiches marines (chickpeas, white wine, herbs) (TCS)
  • Soupe de pois chiches à la sauge (chickpea and sage soup) (TCS)

Italy

  • (FBC) Judith Barrett: Fagioli: The Bean Cuisine of Italy
White Beans
  • Crostini di fagioli bianchi (FBC)
  • Bruschetta di fagioli e pomodori (FBC)
  • Insalata tessa (tuna) (FBC)
  • Fagioli e cotiche (pork rind) (FBC)
  • Pasta e fagioli con la salsiccia (ditalini) (FBC)
  • Conchiglie con fagioli e sogliola (sole, conchigliette) (FBC)
Runner Beans
  • Insalata di corone (corona beans) (FBC)
Chickpeas
  • Spuma di ceci con crostii di pane (FBC)
  • Insalata di ceci mediterranea (olives) (FBC)
  • Insalata di ceci e verdure (FBC)
  • Crema di ceci (FBC)
Lentils
  • Crostini di lenticchio (FBC)
  • Insalata di lenticchie (FBC)
  • Lenticchie e finocchio brasati (fennel) (FBC)
  • Minestra di lenticchie e bietole (Swiss chard) (FBC)
Fava
  • Crostini di fave bianche (skinned split fava) (FBC)
  • Insalata di fave fresche e pecorini (fresh baby fava) (FBC)
Cranberry/Borlotti Beans
  • Zuppa di fagioli, pasta, e pomodoro (fettuccine) (FBC)
Multiple
  • Zuppa di ceci con funghi porcini secchi (chickpeas, dried porcini mushrooms) (FBC)

Northern Italy

  • Pennette ai legumi (mixed beans, penne, rosemary) (FBC)
  • Minestra di ceci e maiale (chickpeas, pork) (FBC)

Friuli

  • Polenta con fagioli e sugo di pomodoro (fagioli di lamon or cranberry beans, prosciutto, tomato sauce, polenta) (FBC)
  • Jota (cranberry beans, sauerkraut) (FBC)

Lazio / Rome

  • Insalata di ceci e calamari (chickpeas, squid) (FBC)
  • Lenticchie alla romana (lentils, prosciutto) (FBC)
  • Pennerele con ceci (chickpeas, beef) (FBC)

Liguria

  • Farinata (chickpea flour) (FBC)
  • Frittelle di fagioli e cipolle (white bean and onion fritters) (FBC)
  • Insalata calda di fagioli e calamari al pesto (white beans, squid, pesto) (FBC)
  • Insalata di carciofi, fagioli, e gamberi (white beans, artichoke, shrimp) (FBC)
  • Minestrone genovese (cranberry beans, vegetables, pasta) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di fagioli alle erbette (white beans, Swiss chard) (FBC)
  • Mes-ciua (chickpeas, white beans, farro) (FBC)
  • Pasta e fagioli della liguria (white beans, quadrucci) (FBC)
  • Polenta incantata (cranberry beans, kale, polenta) (FBC)
  • Fagioli della sagra (white beans, veal, sausage) (FBC)
  • Agnello e fagioli di pigna (white beans, lamb) (FBC)

Lombardy

  • Lenticchie alla lombardia (lentils, pancetta) (FBC)
  • Riso alla valtellina (white beans, kale, arborio rice) (FBC)
  • Risotto con fagioli dell’occhio e pancetta croccante (black-eyed peas, arborio rice) (FBC)
  • Risotto pavese (cranberry beans, pancetta, arborio rice) (Pavia) (FBC)
  • Risotto della contadina (cranberry beans, pancetta, cabbage, arborio rice) (FBC)
  • Spezzatino di salsiccia, fave, e fagioli (white beans, fresh fava, sausage) (FBC)
  • Guazzetto di pesce e fagioli cannellini (white beans, monkfish) (FBC)

Piemonte

  • Zuppa di cereali e fagioli (Bra) (farro, chickpeas, cranberry beans) (FBC)
  • Ola al forno (cranberry beans, veal, vegetables in a ceramic pot) (FBC)

Tuscany

  • Sformatini di fagioli bianchi e bietole (white bean custard with chard and tomato sauce) (FBC)
  • Insalata di fagioli agli scampi (white beans, shrimp, tomato) (FBC)
  • Insalata di polpo e fagioli (octopus, white beans) (FBC)
  • Insalata di cannellini e frutti di mare (white beans, seafood) (FBC)
  • Ceco con bietole in zimino (Swiss chard) (FBC)
  • Fagioli all’uccelletto (white beans, tomato sauce) (FBC)
  • Fagioli al forno (oven-baked white beans) (FBC x2)
  • Minestrone toscano (white beans) (FBC)
  • Minestrone di pane toscano (white beans) (FBC)
  • Minestra di riso e fagioli (white beans, prosciutto, arborio rice) (FBC)
  • Zuppa toscana di fagioli (mixed beans) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di fagioli alla fiorentina (white beans) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di lenticchie (lentils) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di fagioli e farro (Florence) (white beans, farro) (FBC)
  • Zuppa della garfagnana (white beans, cranberry beans, farro) (FBC)
  • Pasta e fagioli alla fiorentina (white beans, ditalini) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di pasta e ceci (chickpeas, ditalini) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di pasta, fagioli, e patate (white beans, potatoes, ditalini) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di pasta e fagioli pisana (white beans, ditalini) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di legumi e pasta (cranberry beans, lentils, split peas, ditalini) (FBC)
  • Rotini con sugo di cannellini (rotini, white bean sauce) (FBC)
  • Tagliatelle a ragu luccese (town of Lucca) (tagliatelle with kidney bean sauce) (FBC)
  • Pasta rustica con ceci (chickpeas, spinach, pancetta) (FBC)
  • Minestrone livornese (white beans, bread) (Livorno) (FBC)
  • Cacciucco di ceci livornese (chickpeas, Swiss chard, anchovies) (Livorno) (FBC)
  • Spezzatino di pollo e fagioli (whiteb eans, chicken thighs) (Livorno) (FBC)

Umbria

  • Insalata di lenticchie e formaggio (lentils, cheese) (FBC)
  • Fagioli e olio (white beans, olive oil) (FBC)
  • Minestrone di cicerchie (cicerchie or chickpeas) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di ciccerchie e finocchio (cicerchie or chickpeas, fennel, pancetta) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di ceci e farro (chickpeas, faro) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di fave e farro (skinned split fava, farro) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di orzo perlato e fave (skinned split fava, pearl barley) (FBC)
  • Passato di fagioli e asparagi (white beans, asparagus) (FBC)
  • Passato di fave al finocchio (skinned split fava, fennel) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di fagioli del purgatorio (white beans, conchigliette) (FBC)
  • Minestra di riso e lenticchie (lentils, arborio rice) (FBC)
  • Verdurata di farro (white beans, farro) (FBC)
  • Lenticchie con salsicce (lentils, sausage) (FBC)
  • Lenticchie stufate ed osso uco di agnello (lentils, lamb) (Castelluccio) (FBC)

Veneto

  • Insalata de fagioli con alici e erbe (cranberry beans, anchovies) (FBC)
  • Insalata di fagioli e bottarga (white beans) (FBC)
  • Fagioli di lamon con cipolla (fagioli di lamon or cranberry beans) (FBC)
  • Fagioli alla veneziana (fagioli di lamon or cranberry beans, anchovies) (FBC)
  • Fasoi in potacin (cranberry beans, tomato sauce) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di orzo e faioli (cranberry beans, barley) (FBC)
  • Passato di fagioli borlotti alla veneta (cranberry beans) (FBC)
  • Pasta e fagioli alla veneta (cranberry beans, tagliatelle) (FBC)
  • Riso e fasoi alla friulana (fagioli di lamon or cranberry beans, arborio rice) (FBC)
  • Risotto di fagioli alla veneta (cranberry beans, prosciutto, arborio rice) (FBC)
  • Polenta e fagioli al veneto (cranberry beans, tomatoes, polenta) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di ceci e frutti di mare (chickpeas, seafood) (FBC)

Southern Italy

  • Zuppa di lenticchie e funghi (dried porcini mushroooms, lentils) (FBC)

Abruzzo

  • Minestrone abruzzese (white beans) (FBC)

Calabria

  • Millecosedde dalla calabria (mixed beans, spaghetti, cabbage) (FBC)
  • Macco di fave (skinned split fava, spaghetti) (FBC)
  • Lagane e fagioli (white beans, lasagna pasta) (FBC)

Campania

  • Fagioli alla maruzzara (white beans, tomateos, bread) (town of San Giovanni) (FBC)
  • Pasta e fagioli all’ischitana (island of Ischia) (white beans, spaghetti) (FBC)
  • Cicatta al cilento (mixed beans, farro, pearl barley) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di fagioli e vongole (white beans, clams) (FBC)
  • Zuppa di lenticchie e castagne (lentils, chestnuts) (Naples) (FBC)

Puglia

  • Crostini di fave con la buccia (dried whole fava) (FBC)
  • Fave arrostite (whole dry fava) (FBC)
  • Fave con cicoria (skinned split fava, chicory) (FBC)
  • Passato di fave e carciofi (skinned split fava, artichokes) (FBC)
  • Orecchiette con cicerchie e funghi (cicerchie or chickpeas) (FBC)
  • Tria con lenticchie (city of Bari) (lentils, tagliatelle) (FBC)
  • Cavatellini con fagioli e cozze (white beans, cavatellini, mussels) (FBC)
  • Petto di pollo con salvia e fagioli (white beans, chicken) (FBC)
  • Coniglio con i ceci (chickpeas, rabbit) (FBC)

Sardinia

  • Minestra di scarola e fagioli cannellini (white beans, escarole) (FBC)
  • Pernice con lenticchie (lentils, partridge) (FBC)

Malta

  • Bigilla (whole fava bean dip) (🔗1)
  • Fazola bajda bit-tewm u tursin (white bean salad) (🔗1)
  • Pulpetti (kohlrabi, fresh fava beans) (🔗1)
  • Kusksu (fresh fava, peas, couscous) (🔗1)

Spain

  • (1080) Ortega: 1080 Recipes
  • (MKS) Mendel: My Kitchen in Spain
  • (TFS) Roden: The Food of Spain
  • (1000) Casas: 1000 Spanish Recipes
  • (TCS) Barrenechea: The Cuisines of Spain
  • Resto de cucido en forma de budin (leftover stew bake with eggs) (1080)
  • Cocido (bean stew) (OWK)
White Beans
  • Potaje con acelgas, patatas, judias blancas y arroz (1080)
  • Potaje sencillo (navy beans, bacon, ham, cabbage) (1080)
  • Puré de judias blancas (navy beans, butter, flour) (1080)
  • Guiso con arroz, judias rojas, bacon y pimiento (1080)
  • Judias blancas guisadas (navy beans, sausage) (1080)
  • Judias blancas en ensalada (1080)
  • Judias blancas con costra (navy beans with egg topping) (1080)
  • Judias blancas guisada con morcillas (navy beans, blood sausage) (1080)
  • Judias blancas de adorno (1080)
  • Judias blancas con salchichas y bacon (1080)
  • Empedrado (white beans, salt cod) (MKS)
  • Ensalada de judías con arenque (white beans, herring) (1000)
Pinto Beans
  • Judias pintas o encarnadas con vino tinto (pinto or kidney, red wine) (1080)
  • Judias pintas con arroz (1080)
Runner Beans
  • Fabada (Asturian beans, onion, olive oil, meat) (1080)
  • Fabes con almejas (Asturian beans, clams) (1080, 1000)
Chickpeas
  • Puré de garbanzos (1080, 1000)
  • Garbanzos aliñados (1080)
  • Garbanzos refritos (1080, 1000)
  • Garbanzos a lo pobre (1080)
  • Potaje con espinacas (1080)
  • Potaje con arroz y patates (chickpeas) (1080)
  • Boronia (chickpea, pumpkin) (MKS)
  • Garbanzos aliñados (1000)
  • Cocido gallego con bolos (chickpeas, dumplings) (1000)
  • Sopa de garbanzos y chorizo (1000)
  • Arroz empedrat (chickpeas) (1000)
Lentils
  • Puré de lentejas (1080)
  • Lentejas guisadas (1080)
  • Lentejas con tocino y salchichas (1080)
  • Lentejas en ensalada (1080)
  • Ensalada de lentejas (1000)
  • Lentejas con espinacas (1000)
  • Arroz de cordero, lentejas y berenjena (lamb, lentil, eggplant paella) (1000)
Peas
  • Puré de guisantes secos (dried peas, bacon, carrots, onion) (1080)
  • Puré de guisantes secos con leche (dried peas, veal shank bone, milk) (1080)
Fava Beans
  • Habas con huevos (1080)
  • Habas salteadas con jamón (1080)
  • Habas con morcilla (1080)
  • Habas con leche y yemas (1080)
  • Habas en salsa (1080)
  • Habas guisadas (1080)
  • Habas fritas de adorno (1080)
  • Habas con jamón (baby lima, ham) (1000)
Black-Eyed Peas
  • Potaje de chicharos (black-eyed peas) (MKS)
  • Potaje de castañas y alubias (MKS)
Black Beans
  • Moros y cristianos (black beans, rice)
  • Arroz a la cubana (1000)

Andalusia

  • Sopa de lentejas (OWK, MKS, 1000)
  • Berza andaluza (chickpeas, meat, pears) (MKS)
  • Garbanzos con espinacas (MKS)
  • Judias blancas con castañas (white or lima, chestnuts) (TFS)
  • Tortilla de habas (lima beans) (1000)
  • Gazpacho blanco de habas (fresh lima beans) (1000)
  • Habichuelas con perdiz (white beans, partridge) (1000)
  • Potaje de garbanzos y chocos (chickpea, cuttlefish) (1000)
  • Habas a la andaluza (fresh lima, artichoke) (1000)
  • Albóndigas de semana santa (chickpeas, white beans, salt cod) (Pizarro: Andalusia)
  • Olla de trigo (soup with wheat berries) (🔗1)

Aragon

  • (NAC) Altamiras: New Art of Cookery
  • Potage de judias secas (NAC)
  • Otro modo de guisar judias (olive oil and herbs / saffron / olive oil and wine vinegar / cheese and breadcrumbs / rice) (NAC)
  • Abas secas (fava) (NAC)
  • Garbanzos comunes (spinach and rice / hazelnut and egg / egg yolks / salt cod) (NAC)
  • Guisantes secos (split peas, leeks) (NAC)
  • Lentejas de aragón (TCS)

Asturia

  • Fabada asturiana (MKS, TFS, 1000, TCS)
  • Ensalada de judías blancas (1000)
  • Pote asturiano (white bean, cabbage) (TCS)
  • Fabes con almejas (TCS)

Cádiz

  • El puchero de todos los dias (MKS)

Canary Islands

  • Buñuelos de garbanzos (1000)
  • Potaje de berros (watercress, corn, white beans) (TCS)

Cantabria

  • Alubias con almejas (white beans, clams) (TFS)

Castilla y León

  • Pochas con bacalao (fresh white beans, cod) (1 2)
  • Potaje de lentejas (TFS)
  • Potaje de garbanzos y espinacas (TFS)
  • Garbanzos a la Zamorana (1000)
  • Cocido maragoto (chickpea, meat, vegetable) (TCS)

Catalonia

  • (CF) Olivella: Catalan Food
  • (PC) Pizarro: Catalonia
  • Faves amb pèsols (fava beans with peas) (CF)
  • Cigrons amb espinacs (chickpeas with spinach) (CF)
  • Xoriço amb cigrons (chorizo and chickpeas) (CF)
  • Favada ràpida (chorizo and morcilla bean stew) (white beans) (CF)
  • Habas a la catalana (MKS)
  • Butifarra amb mongetes (white beans, sausage) (PC)
  • Chickpeas with mushrooms (PC)
  • Habas a la brutesca (fresh baby fava) (PC)
  • Baby squid with broad beans and mint (PC)
  • Guisantes y habas con jamon (fava, fresh peas, ham) (TFS)
  • Tortilla catalana (1000)
  • Ensalada de habas a la catalana (lima beans) (1000)
  • Empedrat (1000)
  • Judías blancas (small white beans) (1000)
  • Garbanzos a la catalana (chickpeas, tomato, sausage) (1000)
  • Arroz con costra (chickpeas) (1000)
  • Escudella i carn d’olla (chickpeas, white beans, meat, dumplings) (TCS)
  • Truita amb suc (🔗1 🔗2 🔗3)

Extremadura

  • Lentejas a la extremeña (TCS)

Galicia

  • Pote/Caldo Gallego (white beans, ham, beef, greens) (1080, MKS, TFS, TCS)

Basque Country

  • (BC) Buckley: Basque Country
  • (TBK) Hirigoyen: The Basque Kitchen
  • Barazki menestra (spring vegetable stew) (fresh fava) (BC)
  • Babak “Vitoriana” Erara (fresh fava) (BC)
  • Tolosako babarrunak (tolosa beans) (BC)
  • Potaje de alubias negras (The Spanish, Middle Eastern, and African Cookbook)
  • Potxak nafar erara (fresh shelled white beans) (BC)
  • Lursagar eta barbarruntxuri salda oliba (white beans) (town of Ciboure) (TBK)
  • Garbure (1, TBK)
  • Biperrak eta baba txuri gratin (white beans, peppers) (TBK)
  • Lursagar berri eta babarrun saltsa (romano beans, potato) (TBK)
  • Baba saltsa (fava bean gratin) (TBK)
  • Dilistak xingarekin (green lentils, bacon) (TBK)
  • Garbantzuak (baked chickpeas) (TBK)
  • Babarrun txuriak (white beans) (TBK)
  • Alubias rojas a la vasca/a la tolosana (TBK, TFS, 1000)
  • Alubias rojas de tolosa (1000, TCS)

La Mancha

  • (CHS) Mendel: Cooking from the Heart of Spain
  • Revuelto con habas (eggs, fresh fava) (CHS)
  • Cazuela de habas (fava, escarole) (CHS)
  • Bolos con ajiaceite (beans with garlic sauce) (CHS)
  • Olleta (fresh fava, vegetables, sausage) (CHS)
  • Judías con perdiz (partridge, beans) (CHS)
  • Pollo con andrajos (chicken, pinto, pasta) (CHS)
  • Ensalada de alubias con taquillos de chorizo (pinto or kidney)
  • Gachas (chickpea porridge) (CHS)
  • Gachas manchegas (grass pea flour) (🔗1)
  • Puré de garbanzos con pan frito (CHS)
  • Lentejas con chorizo (CHS)
  • Lentejas para viernes (CHS)
  • Potje de carillas con sofrito (black-eyed peas) (CHS)
  • Potage de garbanzos y espinacas con rellenos (cod dumplings) (CHS)

Madrid

  • Potaje de garbanzo (1000)
  • Cocido madrileño (chickpeas, meat, vegetables) (TCS, 1000)

Murcia

  • Arroz meloso con alcachofas, habas, y guisantes (rice, fava, peas)
  • Michirones picanticos (fresh lima beans) (1000)

Navarre

  • Menestra de primavera (fresh fava) (TFS)

La Rioja

  • Cordornices con pochas “Santo Domingo de la Calzada” (quail, lima beans) (1000)
  • Pochas a la riojana (fresh white beans, pork) (TCS)

Segovia

  • Potaje de judías (1000)

Valencia

  • Paella valenciana (lima beans) (CF)
  • Arroz al horno (baked rice, chickpeas) (TFS, 1000, TCS)
  • Arroz con pato (chickpeas, duck) (1000)
  • Arroz tropical tasca del puerto (1000)
  • Arroz con alubias y nabos (rice, white beans, turnips) (TCS)

Portugal

  • (PTC) Carreira: Portugal: The Cookbook
  • Caldo à Lavrador (cabbage, red beans, pasta) (🔗1 🔗2)
  • Favas com entrecosto (fava beans, spare ribs) (🔗1)
  • Feijoada de chocos (cuttlefish, white beans) (🔗1)
  • Bacalhau com feijão frade (cod, black-eyed peas) (🔗1)
  • Arroz de feijão (🔗1)
  • Feijão branco com chouriço e ovos escalfados (white beans, chorizo, eggs) (🔗1)
  • Salada de feijão frade (black-eyed peas, tuna, eggs) (🔗1)
  • Feijão guisado com ovos escalfados (red beans, eggs, pork ribs, chorizo) (🔗1)
  • Dobrada / Tripas à moda do Porto (tripe, white beans) (🔗1)
  • Cozido (stew) (🔗1)
Author: Jennie

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